Class JSONAPISerializer
publicEmber Data 2.0 Serializer:
In Ember Data a Serializer is used to serialize and deserialize records when they are transferred in and out of an external source. This process involves normalizing property names, transforming attribute values and serializing relationships.
JSONAPISerializer
supports the http://jsonapi.org/ spec and is the
serializer recommended by Ember Data.
This serializer normalizes a JSON API payload that looks like:
import Model, { attr, belongsTo } from '@ember-data/model';
export default class Player extends Model {
@attr('string') name;
@attr('string') skill;
@attr('number') gamesPlayed;
@belongsTo('club') club;
}
import Model, { attr, hasMany } from '@ember-data/model';
export default class Club extends Model {
@attr('string') name;
@attr('string') location;
@hasMany('player') players;
}
{
"data": [
{
"attributes": {
"name": "Benfica",
"location": "Portugal"
},
"id": "1",
"relationships": {
"players": {
"data": [
{
"id": "3",
"type": "players"
}
]
}
},
"type": "clubs"
}
],
"included": [
{
"attributes": {
"name": "Eusebio Silva Ferreira",
"skill": "Rocket shot",
"games-played": 431
},
"id": "3",
"relationships": {
"club": {
"data": {
"id": "1",
"type": "clubs"
}
}
},
"type": "players"
}
]
}
to the format that the Ember Data store expects.
Customizing meta
Since a JSON API Document can have meta defined in multiple locations you can use the specific serializer hooks if you need to customize the meta.
One scenario would be to camelCase the meta keys of your payload. The example
below shows how this could be done using normalizeArrayResponse
and
extractRelationship
.
import JSONAPISerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json-api';
export default class ApplicationSerializer extends JSONAPISerializer {
normalizeArrayResponse(store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) {
let normalizedDocument = super.normalizeArrayResponse(...arguments);
// Customize document meta
normalizedDocument.meta = camelCaseKeys(normalizedDocument.meta);
return normalizedDocument;
}
extractRelationship(relationshipHash) {
let normalizedRelationship = super.extractRelationship(...arguments);
// Customize relationship meta
normalizedRelationship.meta = camelCaseKeys(normalizedRelationship.meta);
return normalizedRelationship;
}
}
@mainName @ember-data/serializer/json-api @tag main
@_maintrue
extractAttributes (modelClass, resourceHash) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:634
- modelClass
- Object
- resourceHash
- Object
- returns
- Object
Returns the resource's attributes formatted as a JSON-API "attributes object".
http://jsonapi.org/format/#document-resource-object-attributes
extractErrors (store, typeClass, payload, id) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1379
- store
- Store
- typeClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- (String|Number)
- returns
- Object
json The deserialized errors
extractErrors
is used to extract model errors when a call
to Model#save
fails with an InvalidError
. By default
Ember Data expects error information to be located on the errors
property of the payload object.
This serializer expects this errors
object to be an Array similar
to the following, compliant with the https://jsonapi.org/format/#errors specification:
{
"errors": [
{
"detail": "This username is already taken!",
"source": {
"pointer": "data/attributes/username"
}
}, {
"detail": "Doesn't look like a valid email.",
"source": {
"pointer": "data/attributes/email"
}
}
]
}
The key detail
provides a textual description of the problem.
Alternatively, the key title
can be used for the same purpose.
The nested keys source.pointer
detail which specific element
of the request data was invalid.
Note that JSON-API also allows for object-level errors to be placed
in an object with pointer data
, signifying that the problem
cannot be traced to a specific attribute:
{
"errors": [
{
"detail": "Some generic non property error message",
"source": {
"pointer": "data"
}
}
]
}
When turn into a Errors
object, you can read these errors
through the property base
:
{{#each @model.errors.base as |error|}}
<div class="error">
{{error.message}}
</div>
{{/each}}
Example of alternative implementation, overriding the default behavior to deal with a different format of errors:
import JSONSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json';
export default class PostSerializer extends JSONSerializer {
extractErrors(store, typeClass, payload, id) {
if (payload && typeof payload === 'object' && payload._problems) {
payload = payload._problems;
this.normalizeErrors(typeClass, payload);
}
return payload;
}
}
extractId (modelClass, resourceHash) String public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:619
- modelClass
- Object
- resourceHash
- Object
- returns
- String
Returns the resource's ID.
extractMeta (store, modelClass, payload) public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1344
- store
- Store
- modelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
extractMeta
is used to deserialize any meta information in the
adapter payload. By default Ember Data expects meta information to
be located on the meta
property of the payload object.
Example
import JSONSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json';
export default class PostSerializer extends JSONSerializer {
extractMeta(store, typeClass, payload) {
if (payload && payload.hasOwnProperty('_pagination')) {
let meta = payload._pagination;
delete payload._pagination;
return meta;
}
}
}
extractPolymorphicRelationship (relationshipModelName, relationshipHash, relationshipOptions) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:694
- relationshipModelName
- Object
- relationshipHash
- Object
- relationshipOptions
- Object
- returns
- Object
Returns a polymorphic relationship formatted as a JSON-API "relationship object".
http://jsonapi.org/format/#document-resource-object-relationships
relationshipOptions
is a hash which contains more information about the
polymorphic relationship which should be extracted:
resourceHash
complete hash of the resource the relationship should be extracted fromrelationshipKey
key under which the value for the relationship is extracted from the resourceHashrelationshipMeta
meta information about the relationship
extractRelationship (relationshipHash) Object public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:279
- relationshipHash
- Object
- returns
- Object
Returns a relationship formatted as a JSON-API "relationship object".
http://jsonapi.org/format/#document-resource-object-relationships
extractRelationships (modelClass, resourceHash) Object public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:308
- modelClass
- Object
- resourceHash
- Object
- returns
- Object
Returns the resource's relationships formatted as a JSON-API "relationships object".
http://jsonapi.org/format/#document-resource-object-relationships
keyForAttribute (key, method) String public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:410
- key
- String
- method
- String
- returns
- String
normalized key
keyForAttribute
can be used to define rules for how to convert an
attribute name in your model to a key in your JSON.
By default JSONAPISerializer
follows the format used on the examples of
http://jsonapi.org/format and uses dashes as the word separator in the JSON
attribute keys.
This behaviour can be easily customized by extending this method.
Example
import JSONAPISerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json-api';
import { dasherize } from '@ember/string';
export default class ApplicationSerializer extends JSONAPISerializer {
keyForAttribute(attr, method) {
return dasherize(attr).toUpperCase();
}
}
keyForLink (key, kind) String public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1547
- key
- String
- kind
- String
belongsTo
orhasMany
- returns
- String
normalized key
keyForLink
can be used to define a custom key when deserializing link
properties.
keyForRelationship (key, typeClass, method) String public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:442
- key
- String
- typeClass
- String
- method
- String
- returns
- String
normalized key
keyForRelationship
can be used to define a custom key when
serializing and deserializing relationship properties.
By default JSONAPISerializer
follows the format used on the examples of
http://jsonapi.org/format and uses dashes as word separators in
relationship properties.
This behaviour can be easily customized by extending this method.
Example
import JSONAPISerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json-api';
import { underscore } from '@ember/string';
export default class ApplicationSerializer extends JSONAPISerializer {
keyForRelationship(key, relationship, method) {
return underscore(key);
}
}
modelNameFromPayloadKey (key) String public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:357
- key
- String
- returns
- String
the model's modelName
Dasherizes and singularizes the model name in the payload to match the format Ember Data uses internally for the model name.
For example the key posts
would be converted to post
and the
key studentAssesments
would be converted to student-assesment
.
normalize (typeClass, hash) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:555
- typeClass
- Model
- hash
- Object
- returns
- Object
Normalizes a part of the JSON payload returned by the server. You should override this method, munge the hash and call super if you have generic normalization to do.
It takes the type of the record that is being normalized (as a Model class), the property where the hash was originally found, and the hash to normalize.
You can use this method, for example, to normalize underscored keys to camelized or other general-purpose normalizations.
Example
import JSONSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json';
import { underscore } from '@ember/string';
import { get } from '@ember/object';
export default class ApplicationSerializer extends JSONSerializer {
normalize(typeClass, hash) {
let fields = get(typeClass, 'fields');
fields.forEach(function(type, field) {
let payloadField = underscore(field);
if (field === payloadField) { return; }
hash[field] = hash[payloadField];
delete hash[payloadField];
});
return this._super.apply(this, arguments);
}
}
normalizeArrayResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:488
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
normalizeQueryResponse, normalizeFindManyResponse, and normalizeFindHasManyResponse delegate to this method by default.
normalizeCreateRecordResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:398
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is createRecord
normalizeDeleteRecordResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:416
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is deleteRecord
normalizeFindAllResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:308
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is findAll
normalizeFindBelongsToResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:326
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is findBelongsTo
normalizeFindHasManyResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:344
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is findHasMany
normalizeFindManyResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:362
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is findMany
normalizeFindRecordResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:272
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is findRecord
normalizeQueryRecordResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:290
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is queryRecord
normalizeQueryResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:380
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is query
normalizeResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:211
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
The normalizeResponse
method is used to normalize a payload from the
server to a JSON-API Document.
http://jsonapi.org/format/#document-structure
This method delegates to a more specific normalize method based on
the requestType
.
To override this method with a custom one, make sure to call
return this._super(store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType)
with your
pre-processed data.
Here's an example of using normalizeResponse
manually:
socket.on('message', function(message) {
let data = message.data;
let modelClass = store.modelFor(data.modelName);
let serializer = store.serializerFor(data.modelName);
let normalized = serializer.normalizeSingleResponse(store, modelClass, data, data.id);
store.push(normalized);
});
normalizeSaveResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:452
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
normalizeUpdateRecordResponse, normalizeCreateRecordResponse and normalizeDeleteRecordResponse delegate to this method by default.
normalizeSingleResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:470
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
normalizeQueryResponse and normalizeFindRecordResponse delegate to this method by default.
normalizeUpdateRecordResponse (store, primaryModelClass, payload, id, requestType) Object public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:434
Available since v1.13.0
- store
- Store
- primaryModelClass
- Model
- payload
- Object
- id
- String|Number
- requestType
- String
- returns
- Object
JSON-API Document
Called by the default normalizeResponse implementation when the
type of request is updateRecord
payloadKeyFromModelName (modelName) String public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:373
- modelName
- String
- returns
- String
Converts the model name to a pluralized version of the model name.
For example post
would be converted to posts
and
student-assesment
would be converted to student-assesments
.
pushPayload (store, payload) public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:213
- store
- Store
- payload
- Object
Normalize some data and push it into the store.
serialize (snapshot, options) Object public
Defined in ../serializer/addon/json-api.js:474
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- options
- Object
- returns
- Object
json
Called when a record is saved in order to convert the record into JSON.
For example, consider this model:
import Model, { attr, belongsTo } from '@ember-data/model';
export default class CommentModel extends Model {
@attr title;
@attr body;
@belongsTo('user', { async: false, inverse: null })
author;
}
The default serialization would create a JSON-API resource object like:
{
"data": {
"type": "comments",
"attributes": {
"title": "Rails is unagi",
"body": "Rails? Omakase? O_O",
},
"relationships": {
"author": {
"data": {
"id": "12",
"type": "users"
}
}
}
}
}
By default, attributes are passed through as-is, unless
you specified an attribute type (attr('date')
). If
you specify a transform, the JavaScript value will be
serialized when inserted into the attributes hash.
Belongs-to relationships are converted into JSON-API resource identifier objects.
IDs
serialize
takes an options hash with a single option:
includeId
. If this option is true
, serialize
will,
by default include the ID in the JSON object it builds.
The JSONAPIAdapter passes in includeId: true
when serializing a record
for createRecord
or updateRecord
.
Customization
Your server may expect data in a different format than the built-in serialization format.
In that case, you can implement serialize
yourself and
return data formatted to match your API's expectations, or override
the invoked adapter method and do the serialization in the adapter directly
by using the provided snapshot.
If your API's format differs greatly from the JSON:API spec, you should consider authoring your own adapter and serializer instead of extending this class.
import JSONAPISerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json-api';
export default class PostSerializer extends JSONAPISerializer {
serialize(snapshot, options) {
let json = {
POST_TTL: snapshot.attr('title'),
POST_BDY: snapshot.attr('body'),
POST_CMS: snapshot.hasMany('comments', { ids: true })
};
if (options.includeId) {
json.POST_ID_ = snapshot.id;
}
return json;
}
}
Customizing an App-Wide Serializer
If you want to define a serializer for your entire
application, you'll probably want to use eachAttribute
and eachRelationship
on the record.
import JSONAPISerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json-api';
import { singularize } from 'ember-inflector';
import { underscore } from '@ember/string';
export default class ApplicationSerializer extends JSONAPISerializer {
serialize(snapshot, options) {
let json = {};
snapshot.eachAttribute((name) => {
json[serverAttributeName(name)] = snapshot.attr(name);
});
snapshot.eachRelationship((name, relationship) => {
if (relationship.kind === 'hasMany') {
json[serverHasManyName(name)] = snapshot.hasMany(name, { ids: true });
}
});
if (options.includeId) {
json.ID_ = snapshot.id;
}
return json;
}
}
function serverAttributeName(attribute) {
return underscore(attribute).toUpperCase();
}
function serverHasManyName(name) {
return serverAttributeName(singularize(name)) + '_IDS';
}
This serializer will generate JSON that looks like this:
{
"TITLE": "Rails is omakase",
"BODY": "Yep. Omakase.",
"COMMENT_IDS": [ "1", "2", "3" ]
}
Tweaking the Default Formatting
If you just want to do some small tweaks on the default JSON:API formatted response,
you can call super.serialize
first and make the tweaks
on the returned object.
import JSONAPISerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json-api';
export default class PostSerializer extends JSONAPISerializer {
serialize(snapshot, options) {
let json = super.serialize(...arguments);
json.data.attributes.subject = json.data.attributes.title;
delete json.data.attributes.title;
return json;
}
}
serialize (snapshot, options) Object public
Inherited from Serializer ../serializer/addon/index.js:184
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- options
- Object
- returns
- Object
The serialize
method is used when a record is saved in order to convert
the record into the form that your external data source expects.
serialize
takes an optional options
hash with a single option:
includeId
: If this istrue
,serialize
should include the ID in the serialized object it builds.
Example:
Serializer.extend({
serialize(snapshot, options) {
let json = {
id: snapshot.id
};
snapshot.eachAttribute((key, attribute) => {
json[key] = snapshot.attr(key);
});
snapshot.eachRelationship((key, relationship) => {
if (relationship.kind === 'belongsTo') {
json[key] = snapshot.belongsTo(key, { id: true });
} else if (relationship.kind === 'hasMany') {
json[key] = snapshot.hasMany(key, { ids: true });
}
});
return json;
},
});
serializeAttribute (snapshot, json, key, attribute) public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1161
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- json
- Object
- key
- String
- attribute
- Object
serializeAttribute
can be used to customize how attr
properties are serialized
For example if you wanted to ensure all your attributes were always
serialized as properties on an attributes
object you could
write:
import JSONSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json';
export default class ApplicationSerializer extends JSONSerializer {
serializeAttribute(snapshot, json, key, attributes) {
json.attributes = json.attributes || {};
this._super(snapshot, json.attributes, key, attributes);
}
}
serializeBelongsTo (snapshot, json, relationship) public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1208
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- json
- Object
- relationship
- Object
serializeBelongsTo
can be used to customize how belongsTo
properties are serialized.
Example
import JSONSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json';
import { isNone } from '@ember/utils';
export default class PostSerializer extends JSONSerializer {
serializeBelongsTo(snapshot, json, relationship) {
let key = relationship.key;
let belongsTo = snapshot.belongsTo(key);
key = this.keyForRelationship ? this.keyForRelationship(key, "belongsTo", "serialize") : key;
json[key] = isNone(belongsTo) ? belongsTo : belongsTo.record.toJSON();
}
}
serializeHasMany (snapshot, json, relationship) public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1262
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- json
- Object
- relationship
- Object
serializeHasMany
can be used to customize how hasMany
properties are serialized.
Example
import JSONSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json';
export default class PostSerializer extends JSONSerializer {
serializeHasMany(snapshot, json, relationship) {
let key = relationship.key;
if (key === 'comments') {
return;
} else {
this._super(...arguments);
}
}
}
serializeIntoHash (hash, typeClass, snapshot, options) public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1128
- hash
- Object
- typeClass
- Model
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- options
- Object
You can use this method to customize how a serialized record is added to the complete JSON hash to be sent to the server. By default the JSON Serializer does not namespace the payload and just sends the raw serialized JSON object. If your server expects namespaced keys, you should consider using the RESTSerializer. Otherwise you can override this method to customize how the record is added to the hash. The hash property should be modified by reference.
For example, your server may expect underscored root objects.
import RESTSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/rest';
import { decamelize } from '@ember/string';
export default class ApplicationSerializer extends RESTSerializer {
serializeIntoHash(data, type, snapshot, options) {
let root = decamelize(type.modelName);
data[root] = this.serialize(snapshot, options);
}
}
serializePolymorphicType (snapshot, json, relationship) public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:1308
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- json
- Object
- relationship
- Object
You can use this method to customize how polymorphic objects are
serialized. Objects are considered to be polymorphic if
{ polymorphic: true }
is pass as the second argument to the
belongsTo
function.
Example
import JSONSerializer from '@ember-data/serializer/json';
import { isNone } from '@ember/utils';
export default class CommentSerializer extends JSONSerializer {
serializePolymorphicType(snapshot, json, relationship) {
let key = relationship.key;
let belongsTo = snapshot.belongsTo(key);
key = this.keyForAttribute ? this.keyForAttribute(key, 'serialize') : key;
if (isNone(belongsTo)) {
json[key + '_type'] = null;
} else {
json[key + '_type'] = belongsTo.modelName;
}
}
}
shouldSerializeHasMany (snapshot, key, relationshipType) Boolean public
Inherited from JSONSerializer ../serializer/addon/json.js:928
- snapshot
- Snapshot
- key
- String
- relationshipType
- String
- returns
- Boolean
true if the hasMany relationship should be serialized
Check if the given hasMany relationship should be serialized
By default only many-to-many and many-to-none relationships are serialized.
This could be configured per relationship by Serializer's attrs
object.